Printable · GCSE Higher · ages 14-16

Gradients and areas under graphs worksheet — GCSE Higher

Fifteen questions on "gradients and areas under graphs" — DfE statement A15. Print it, or print three versions so neighbours cannot copy by letter; the key gives the letter for each version.

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Gradients and areas under graphs worksheet — GCSE Higher

Maths · GCSE Higher · A15 · Gradients and areas under graphs · 15 questions

MathsUKwww.geekhero.co.uk

1.A tram travels between two stops. Its velocity-time graph consists of straight line segments joining the points (0, 0), (5, 20), (12, 20), (16, 4) and (20, 4), where time is in seconds and velocity is in m/s. Work out the average speed of the tram over the whole 20 seconds. Give your answer to 1 decimal place.
(a)15.1 m/s
(b)12.7 m/s
(c)12.1 m/s
(d)11.9 m/s
2.The table shows the speed, in m/s, of a car at times, in seconds, all 2 seconds apart: 0 at t = 0, 3 at t = 2, 8 at t = 4, 15 at t = 6, 24 at t = 8. A student uses the trapezium rule with these five readings to estimate the distance the car travels. By finding the second differences of the speed values, decide whether this trapezium estimate is an overestimate or an underestimate of the true distance.
(a)Underestimate — second differences are constant.
(b)Overestimate — the speed values are increasing.
(c)Underestimate — the curve bends upward (convex).
(d)Overestimate — the curve bends upward (convex).
3.The trapezium rule is used to estimate the area under a curve between x = 2 and x = 6. The curve is concave up (it curves upwards, like the inside of a bowl) throughout this interval. Which statement about the estimate is correct?
(a)Overestimates — trapezium edges lie above the curve.
(b)Underestimates — trapezium edges lie below the curve.
(c)Exact — straight lines model any curve with no error.
(d)Overestimates, because more strips always increase it.
4.A tram sets off from a stop. Its velocity-time graph rises in a straight line from 0 m/s to 12 m/s over the first 8 seconds, then stays constant at 12 m/s for a further 10 seconds. Work out the total distance the tram travels in these 18 seconds, using the area under the graph.
(a)120 m
(b)216 m
(c)108 m
(d)168 m
5.The curve y = x² − 3x. Use the chord between x = 1 and x = 4 to estimate the gradient of the curve at x = 2.5.
y = x² − 3x
(a)2/3
(b)1/2
(c)2
(d)6
6.A cup of tea cools after being made. Its temperature-time graph is a curve. Three tangents are drawn on the graph: at t = 2 minutes the tangent has gradient −8; at t = 10 minutes the tangent has gradient −3; at t = 20 minutes the tangent has gradient −0.5. Which of these statements about the tea's cooling is correct?
(a)Fastest at t = 20 min — largest gradient.
(b)Cools at the same rate throughout.
(c)Fastest at t = 2 min — steepest gradient.
(d)Fastest at t = 10 min — the middle reading.
7.The tangent to a curve at the point where x = 4 passes through the points (2, 5) and (6, 21). Use these two points to estimate the gradient of the curve at x = 4.
(a)4
(b)16
(c)0.25
(d)8
8.A car's journey is represented by a velocity-time graph. The total distance travelled, found from the area under the graph, is 350 metres, and the total time for the journey is 25 seconds. Work out the car's average speed for the whole journey, in m/s.
(a)375 m/s
(b)14 m/s
(c)8750 m/s
(d)0.07 m/s
9.Two students each use the trapezium rule to estimate the area under the same curve between x = 0 and x = 8. Student A uses 4 strips of width 2. Student B uses 8 strips of width 1. Which estimate is more likely to be closer to the true area, and why?
(a)Student A's — fewer strips means fewer rounding errors.
(b)Student B's — narrower strips fit the curve more closely.
(c)They are always the same; the trapezium rule is exact.
(d)Student A's — wider strips give a better average height.
10.A car accelerates uniformly from rest at 2.5 m/s² until it reaches a speed of 20 m/s, then travels at this constant speed for a further 30 seconds. Work out the total distance travelled.
(a)900 m
(b)760 m
(c)240 m
(d)680 m
11.The table shows the rate at which water flows from a tank, in litres per minute, over a 6-minute period: 12 at t = 0 min, 12 at t = 2 min, 3 at t = 5 min, and 0 at t = 6 min. Between t = 0 and t = 2 the rate is constant. Between t = 2 and t = 5, and between t = 5 and t = 6, the rate decreases at a constant rate in each section. Estimate the total volume of water that has flowed out, using the areas of a rectangle and two trapeziums.
(a)48 litres
(b)24 litres
(c)49.5 litres
(d)36 litres
12.A car's velocity–time graph is a straight line from (0 s, 4 m/s) rising to (6 s, V m/s), followed by a straight line falling from (6 s, V m/s) to (9 s, 0 m/s). The gradient of the second line is −8 m/s². Work out the total distance travelled between t = 0 and t = 9 seconds.
(a)120 m
(b)156 m
(c)48 m
(d)204 m
13.The table shows the velocity, in m/s, of a train at various times, in seconds: 0 at t = 0, 20 at t = 4, 35 at t = 10, 27 at t = 14. Assuming the velocity changes at a constant rate between each pair of readings, estimate the distance the train travels between t = 0 and t = 12, using the trapezium rule.
(a)271 m
(b)275 m
(c)282 m
(d)267 m
14.A car's speed, in m/s, during a journey is: 0 at t = 0 s, 8 at t = 4 s, and 8 (constant) from t = 4 s to t = 10 s, increasing at a constant rate between t = 0 and t = 4. Estimate the total distance the car travels, using the areas of a triangle and a rectangle.
(a)48 m
(b)40 m
(c)64 m
(d)80 m
15.A speed-time graph shows a constant speed of 15 m/s for 20 seconds. Work out the distance travelled, using the area under the graph.
(a)7.5 m
(b)1.33 m
(c)35 m
(d)300 m

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